Reading up on history-of-science

Thomas Harriot invented binary numeration around 1601-1605 based on his idiosyncratic method of recording part-ounce weights in power-of-2 ratios, decades before Leibniz.

William James, W.E.B. Du Bois, and Francis Galton pioneered handmade data visualization in the Machine Age, treating design as a form of thinking rather than decoration.

Vaccine development has progressed from serendipitous discoveries to a systematic, atomic-precision science, enabling the design of new vaccines in weeks rather than centuries.